DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata
kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat
yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi,
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan
kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command
(perintah)
III.
Question (pertanyaan)
I.
STATEMENT (Pernyataan)
Dalam Indirect Statement
kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar
(introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words).
Kalimat-kalimat pengantar
dalam indirect statement ialah :
He
said
He
said to
me
that + reported words
He
told me
e.g
- Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father said “I am going out of town
tomorrow”
- Father said that he was going out of
town the following day.
- Mary told John “my father warned me last
night”
- Mary told John that her father had arned
her the night before.
Apabila kalimat
pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan
tidak mengalami perubahan.
e.g
- John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
- Mary says “I have seen that film”
- Mary says that she has seen that film.
II.
COMMAND (Perintah)
Command dibagi dalam 2
(dua) bagian yaitu :
1.
Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif
kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara
kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam
jenis ini ialah :
to
+ infinitive
He
asked me
He
told me
e.g
- He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.
- Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
2.
Negative Command
Dalam perintah
negatif kita tambahkan not to
di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
e.g
- Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
III.
QUESTION (Pertanyaan)
Bila pertanyaan langsung
(direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What,
Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam
reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif.
Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive
Form
He
asked me where
When
etc.
e.g
- The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
- John asked Mary why she got angry with
him.
Bila pertanyaan langsung
tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk
“Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika,
apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang
dilaporkan.
e.g
- The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you
finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had
finished her homework.
Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian.
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