[ASSIGNMENT 3] Direct - Indirect Speech

DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.

Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.

Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :

I.          Statement (pernyataan)

II.        Command (perintah)

III.       Question (pertanyaan)

I.         STATEMENT (Pernyataan)

Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words).

Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :

He said

He said to me                    that + reported words

He told me

e.g        

-           Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”

-           Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.

-           Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”

-           Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

-           Mary told John “my father warned me last night”

-           Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.

Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.

e.g      

-           John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”

-           John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow

-           Mary says “I have seen that film”

-           Mary says that she has seen that film.

II.      COMMAND (Perintah)

Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :

1.      Positive Command

Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :

to + infinitive

He asked me

He told me

e.g      

-           He asked me “Open your book”

-           He asked me to open my book.

-           Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”

-           Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.

2.      Negative Command

Dalam  perintah negatif kita tambahkan not  to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.

e.g        

-           Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”

-           Mary told John not to wait for her.

-           I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”

-           I told him not to mention it to anyone.

III.   QUESTION (Pertanyaan)

Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :

Positive Form

He asked me  where

When etc.

e.g      

-           The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”

-           The man asked me where I lived.

-           John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”

-           John asked Mary why she got angry with him.

Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.

e.g      

-           The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near  here?”

-           The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.

-           The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”

-           The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

Note :    Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian.